Additional information

Development and Older Versions

Mk0

Developed in the late 1980s to meet Sweden’s demand for an Infantry Fighting Vehicle capable of operating in the cold and wet climates of the Nordic sub-arctic, the CV90 Mk0 would enter production in 1993.

A joint venture between FMS, Hägglunds and Bofors, the CV90 Mk0 featured an unstabilised Bofors 40mm cannon and a conventional electric system. Fitted for, but not using, an applique armoured system, the Mk0 prioritised high reliability and ease of maintenance. Featuring the largest capacity of any CV90, the Mk0 could fit eight fully equipped infantry soldiers alongside its crew.

Upgrades to the Mk0 would continue over the next decade, with the main gun becoming gyro-stabilised in 1997.

MkI

The CV90 MkI or 'CV9030N' was developed alongside improvements to Sweden's CV90 Mk0. As the first export of the CV90, the MkI featured upgrades to the turret armour and mantle, additional armour on the hull, a new 30mm main gun and an improvement to the rear troop area with the addition of an extra cupola for access/emergency exit.

Improvements to the gun and integration of gyro-stabilisation made the CV90 MkI the most accurate IFV at the time, a key contributor to Norway's decision to order 104 CV9030N in 1994, beating the American Bradley, British Warrior, and Austro-Spanish ASCOD.

Despite reducing passenger capacity by one in exchange for the new cupola, the MkI saw significant improvements to mobility, reliability, lethality, ergonomics, durability and survivability over even the upgraded Mk0s.

Norwegian deliveries would begin in 1996 and be completed in 2000.

MkII

Serving as the product of the continued development of the CV90 Mk0 and MkI, the MkII was the first CV90 version to be partly digitised, featuring a built-in Health & Unit Monitoring System (HUMS). Notable upgrades to the main weapon system with a transition to the Mk44 Bushmaster II 30mm chain autocannon and a slight increase to the hull size resulted in the CV90 MkII beating out its competition in two separate procurement programs with Switzerland and Finland ordering the vehicle in 2000.

Switzerland purchased a total of '186 CV9030CH' for $424,000,000, with deliveries running from 2001 to 2005, whilst Finland ordered 57 'CV90FIN' delivered between 2003 and 2007. Finland placed a second order of MkIIs in 2004 for a further 47 vehicles delivered between 2006 and 2007.

MkIII

The MkIII offered a significant upgrade to the MkII based on its use in Afghanistan. Fully digitised and featuring an electronic architecture, the weapon system was also upgraded to a 35/50 mm Bushmaster III cannon with an integrated muzzle ammunition programmer and a number of different firing scenarios depending on target setup.

Mobility improvements through upgrades to suspension and power to weight allowed for the increased gross vehicular weight caused by the new weapon system and upgrades to survivability. Following issues raised by early versions of the CV90 after use in Afghanistan, survivability improvements were made focussing on mine protection and top attack.

The Netherlands would be the first country to buy the MkIII in 2004, ordering 104 'CV9035NL' with delivery between 2007 and 2012. A further 45 'CV9035DK' MkIIIs would be ordered by Denmark in 2005, with delivery between 2008 and 2010. Estonia would eventually purchase 44 Dutch CV9035NL from the Netherlands in 2014, with delivery completed in 2015.

Technical Description

Configuration

In January 2018, BAE Systems launched a new variant of its IFV family, the CV90 MkIV, which will be offered to the Czech Army as part of the ongoing competition to replace their fleet of Soviet-era BVP-2s.

The MkIV CV90 is the latest version of the CV90 family featuring upgrades to mobility, lethality, engine, and vehicle payload. The new IFV, which supports a range of advanced computing technologies, is expected to be presented to other Eastern European nations, including Hungary, which is looking into new platforms. Other nations, such as Sweden, could be potential customers for the new variant as armies consider upgrading or replacing existing CV90 fleets. BAE Systems is offering the CV90 for the Australian Army's Land 400 IFV requirement.

Similar to its predecessor versions, the MkIV is a tracked IFV with a hydraulic rear aft door for access into the vehicle. A gross vehicular weight of 35-37 tons makes it heavier than previous versions, but upgrades to the engine and transmission result in an overall improvement in mobility and agility.

A crew of three, driver, commander, and gunner, situated towards the front of the vehicle, can support and transport up to eight fully equipped infantry soldiers in the rear.

Protection

The D-series turret is made from all-welded steel with applique armour and is designed to offer greater internal volume for improved ergonomics.

At DSEI 2021, the D-series sported an Elbit Iron Fist Light Decoupled APS, a Saab UTAAS gunner's sight and an Elbit Electro-Optic Aiming System (EOPS) retractable mast-mounted sensor package for the commander.

Mobility

The MkIV features a new Allison 3040MX automatic transmission. Active damping for the suspension is installed as standard on the CV90 MkIV, and customers also have the option to install Soucy Composite Rubber Tracks (CRT).

It is also possible to uprate the 860hp Scania V8 diesel engine to 1,000hp.

Armament

In December 2019, BAE Systems carried out a successful test firing of a Rafael Spike LR missile from a launcher integrated on the CV90. With a maximum range of 2,000m, this weapon could be used against both armoured and large aerial targets, such as attack helicopters.

BAE Systems showcased its D-series turret for the CV90 for the first time at DSEI 2021. This can accommodate a range of medium-calibre weapon systems, including the Northrop Grumman 35mm Bushmaster III dual-feed cannon or a 50mm cannon. It can also be armed with a 7.62mm coaxial machine gun and a retractable pod for two Rafael Spike LR2 ATGMs.

MBDA announced in mid-December 2022 that it had completed integration trials with BAE System's CV90 firing the AKERON MP anti-tank missile. Mounted on the roof of the turret, the AKERON MP has a range of approximately 4000m and is capable of both command guidance operating and fire and forget.

C4I

Featuring NGVA-compliant digital electronic architecture and an upgraded cooling system for the powerpack, the CV90 MkIV also integrates BAE Systems iFighting technology designed to aid with target recognition and prioritisation.

In October 2023, Saab announced it had been selected to provide sight and fire control capabilities to the entering-production Czech Republic CV90 MkIVs. Saab will develop its Universal Tank and Anti-Aircraft System (UTAAS) sight and fire control systems – which comprise several components to assist a weapon to track and hit a target – under a contract worth $89.2m between 2023 and 2029.

Variants

CV90 has 15 operational variants, with a further two in development.

Turreted

IFV

RECCE

C2

AAV

Mortar - AMOS 2x120mm & Mjölner 2x120mm

Combat Repair

Direct Fire - 120mm Cannon

Forward observer

Non-turreted

APC & VIP Transport

CASEVAC

ARV (Armoured Recovery Vehicle)

LOG (Logisitic Carrier)

EW (Electronic Warfare)

DRV (Driver Training Vehicle)

Mortar - 81mm

Forward Maintenace Vehicle - In Development

Combat Engineer - In Development

Operators

Danish, Dutch, Norwegian and Swedish CV90s have been deployed on combat operations in Afghanistan.

Norway

Norway was the first export customer for the CV90, placing a $241 million order for 104 CV9030 Mk I variants in April 1994. Designated Stormpanservogn CV9030N (Armored Assault Vehicle), these replaced the M113-derived NM-135 tracked APCs then in service with the Norwegian Army. Deliveries were carried out between 1996 and 2000.

These CV9030s were assembled in Norway by Hägglunds Moelv AS (now CHSnor), a subsidiary of Hägglunds AB (now BAE Systems Hägglunds). The turrets were also manufactured in Norway by Kvaerner Eureka AS.

Two variants of the CV9030 were purchased by Norway: an IFV and a command vehicle equipped with extra radios, computers and a map table in the rear compartment.

Compared to the Swedish CV90s, Norway's CV9030s differed in several respects. Most notably, the turret was armed with a Northrop Grumman Innovation Systems Mk44 Bushmaster II 30mm automatic cannon linked to a Saab UTAAS digital FCS. The smaller calibre cannon allowed more ammunition for the main armament to be carried with a total of 600 rounds of 30mm ammunition stowed within the vehicle.

Other changes included additional appliqué armour on the lower front hull, turret front and sides of the vehicle, a hatch above the rear troop compartment and an uprated 606hp engine to cope with the increased weight.

Norway also purchased IBD Deisenroth Engineering (now Rheinmetall Protection Systems) Modular Expandable Armor System (MEXAS) composite armour kits to provide increased protection against HEAT warheads.

17 of Norway's CV9030s were modernised to the CV9030NF1 standard in 2002. Designed for NATO peacekeeping operations, these were equipped with IBD Deisenroth Engineering (now Rheinmetall Protection Systems) Advanced Modular Armor Protection - Mine (AMAP-M) mine-protection kits, an RVC-01 rear view camera and an air-conditioning system.

Part of Norway's CV9030 fleet was deployed to support combat operations in Afghanistan beginning in 2007.

In 2010, Norway began to trial Soucy's Composite Rubber Track (CRT) on some of its CV9030Ns and deployed two of them fitted with this system for trials in Afghanistan in December of that year.

After nearly 20 years in service, Norway initiated an upgrade programme for its CV9030N fleet. This was awarded to BAE Systems, which announced in June 2012 that it had been awarded a £500 million ($750 million) contract to upgrade Norway's existing CV9030Ns to CV9030N Mk IIIb standard and produce new CV9030 Mk IIIbs to bring the Norwegian fleet up to a total of 144 CV9030N Mk IIIbs.

Whereas Norway originally only operated two variants of the CV9030N (an IFV and commander's vehicle), the new 144-vehicle fleet consists of six variants. These comprise 74 CV9030 SPV IFVs, 21 CV9030 OPV reconnaissance vehicles, 15 CV9030 STRILED command vehicles, 16 CV90RWS STING engineering vehicles, 16 CV90RWS Multi-BK multi-role vehicles (these can be used either as logistics vehicles or mortar carriers) and two driver training vehicles.

While the IFV, command and reconnaissance variants are based upon 100 newly manufactured hulls produced by BAE Systems as part of this programme, the other variants use upgraded CV9030N Mk I hulls. 37 spare CV9030N Mk I hulls that were left over from the upgrade programme were sold to Estonia under an agreement announced in January 2016.

BAE Systems completed the first pre-production CV9030N Mk IIIb in February 2014. One year later, the first series-production example was handed over to Norway in February 2015.

Although deliveries of all 144 vehicles were initially planned to have been completed between 2015 and 2017, the final delivery did not occur until April 2019.

BAE Systems carried out the upgrade in collaboration with Norwegian industry. The latter was led by Kongsberg Defence & Aerospace and included Thales Norway, Vinghøg (now Rheinmetall Norway) and Ritek. FLIR also received a $11 million contract from BAE Systems in July 2011 to deliver ThermoSight LIRC sighting systems as well as SA90 and DV55 driver vision/situational awareness thermal imaging systems for this upgrade.

As a result of the upgrade, all of Norway's 144 CV90s are now at the CV90 Mk IIIb standard. Compared to the CV9030N Mk I, these upgraded vehicles have Soucy CRTs, a Kongsberg Protector RWS armed with a 12.7mm heavy machine gun mounted on the turret roof, new optics, cameras for 360° situational awareness, an Augmenti AWARE BMS and the capacity to accommodate a UAS. 

Other elements of the upgrade programme include improving the baseline armour protection, replacing the MEXAS composite armour kits with Rheinmetall Protection Systems AMAP kits and installing Kongsberg's Integrated Combat Solution that incorporates new C4I systems, sensors and a digital architecture.

All of the CV9030N Mk IIIbs have been delivered to the Norwegian Army, but there have reportedly been issues with the integration of the Vingtaqs II 6m sensor mast into the Norwegian Army's reconnaissance variant. As a result, the Norwegian government has reportedly taken legal action against Rheinmetall Norway and BAE Systems and is seeking an alternative sensor mast to equip this variant.

Norway planned to upgrade more CV9030Ns beginning in 2024, but in May 2020 it was announced that this upgrade programme would be expedited to support the Norwegian industry in the wake of the 2020 coronavirus pandemic. 

According to the new plans, the Norwegian MoD was to invest NOK600 million ($63.155 million) to upgrade 20 more CV9030N hulls and deliver them to the Norwegian Army between 2022 and 2023. 

BAE Systems announced that it had received a contract worth more than $50 million for these 20 vehicles in February 2021. The vehicles will be split into 12 CV90RWS STING engineering variants and eight CV90RWS Multi-BK multi-role variants.

In May 2022, BAE Systems announced the first four CV90s from this project had been delivered to the Norwegian MoD, a delivery date one or two months later than originally planned. While BAE Systems will be responsible for refitting the hulls, Norwegian company Ritek will carry out the final assembly and provide logistics support and training.

Sweden

Swedish CV9040 IFVs are armed with a Bofors 40mm gun, but all export customers have selected 30 or 35mm cannon. The latest CV9035 Mk III production standard provides improved capabilities in the following areas: 35mm Bushmaster III cannon; commander’s independent hunter-killer sight; third-generation TI cameras for gunner and commander; integration of higher levels of protection, including bomblet and mine protection; integration of BMS and defensive aids; high-speed Ethernet data bus; increased payload with growth potential.

In Swedish service, the CV90 is designated as Strf90A and Strf90B.

In January 2014, the Swedish government approved a major upgrade to bring 288 of the army's CV90s to the Strf90D standard, which will extend the life of the vehicles until 2030. Known as the Renovation and Life Extension (RENO) programme, this will include the installation of a new BMS. Ultimately, the Swedish Army plans to implement the RENO upgrade on all of its CV90s.

In May 2016, it was announced that the Swedish government awarded BAE Systems a contract to refurbish 262 CV90s for the Swedish Army. Under the modernisation programme, the company the company will refurbish the vehicles’ chassis, upgrade their survivability and turrets, and enhance combat system performance.

The delivery of the 100th upgraded vehicle was announced by BAE Systems in August 2020. The remaining 188 vehicles were originally intended to be upgraded by the Swedish military's own workshops, but in 2019 these plans were changed and the responsibility reverted back to industry. 

In November 2021, BAE Systems confirmed that it had received a contract worth approximately SEK500 million ($57.516 million) to overhaul part of Sweden's Strf90A fleet of CV90s. The refurbished vehicles will be delivered between 2023 and 2024, but it is unclear what the work will involve.

The Swedish MoD announced in November 2022 a $90 million addition to its CV90 RENO upgrade programme introducing two new CV90 variants into service. Scheduled for delivery between 2023 and 2027, the Forward Maintenance vehicle will provide critical frontline support, repair and recovery for other vehicles whilst the Combat Engineer meanwhile will improve the ability to carry out route clearance and deny enemy forces mission-critical mobility.

These two new specifications are expected to apply to existing platforms within the RENO program. Defence Insight estimates that the $90 million contract will fund approximately 27 units split equally between the Combat Engineer and Forward Maintenance variants.

The two new variants will be delivered by BAE Systems’ Swedish joint venture HB Utveckling AB and brings the total number of CV90 variants up to 17. BAE Systems Hägglunds announced in April 2023 it had contracted Norwegian manufacturer Ritek AS to produce the two new variants on the CV90. Delivery is expected to take place between 2023 and 2027.

In January 2023, the Swedish Defence Material Administration placed an order for an additional 20 CV90-based twin 120mm Mjölner self-propelled mortar systems worth about $30 million.

According to BAE Systems Hägglunds, a burst rate of 16rpm can be achieved with a sustained rate of 6rpm.

Following the donation of 50 CV90 (40c variant) to Ukraine in 2023, Sweden announced it had begun a programme to replace the vehicles in October 2023.

The Swedish Defence Materiel Administration (FMV) announced it had signed an agreement worth $36 million SEK ($3.3 million USD) with BAE Systems Hägglunds AB, officially beginning the process of replacing the CV9040Cs.

Serving as the anticipated precursor to a forecast future serial production of additional CV90 MkIII units, this initial order of an expected 50 CV9035 MkIIIC could have a value of up to $360 million with a delivery timeline of between 2025 and 2027.

Estonia

In October 2014, Estonia signed a EUR113 million ($150.159 million) contract with the Netherlands for 44 surplus CV9035NLs and six surplus ARVs based on the Leopard 1 MBT hull. Prior to being delivered to Estonia, the second-hand vehicles were checked and overhauled if necessary.

The first batch of 12 CV9035NLs and one ARV was delivered in October 2016. As of June 2019, Shephard reported that approximately 30 of the CV9035NLs had been handed over to Estonia. Although deliveries were expected to have been completed in 2018, the Estonian MoD did not announce receipt of all 44 CV9035NLs until April 2019.

The Estonian CV90s are operated by the mechanised infantry battalions of the Estonian Defence Force's (EDF's) 1st Infantry Brigade.

Support for the CV9035NL fleet was not included in the contract signed in October 2014. Instead, in April 2017 BAE Systems was awarded a separate contract to maintain the CV9035NL in cooperation with Estonian company Milrem LCM (now Milworks).

As well as the IFVs, Estonia also had a requirement for vehicles that could support units in the 1st Infantry Brigade by performing specialised roles, such as command and control.

After a tender was initiated in June 2014, an offer to purchase 37 surplus CV9030N Mk I hulls from Norway was accepted in January 2016. Norway had previously removed the turrets from these old hulls as part of an upgrade programme to bring its CV90 fleet up to 144 vehicles. All of the 37 hulls had been delivered to Estonia by 2017.

Worth EUR635,000 ($703,000), the deal did not include an overhaul or upgrade for the surplus turretless hulls, though it did cover the delivery of some spare parts. 

Instead, Estonia launched a separate tender to select a contractor to upgrade and convert these hulls to several specialised variants. The winning bidder would have been expected to convert 31 of the hulls to roles such as command and control or armoured ambulance, while the remaining six will be configured as 120mm mortar carriers. A budget of EUR 30 million ($35.444 million) was allocated to this programme.

By May 2018, four bidders had responded: BAE Systems Hägglunds, FFG, Bristol Trust and a teaming of Joint Depots and Scania Estonia. However, by the end of 2018, all bids were rejected and the tender was cancelled as none of the bidders were deemed to have met the requirements.

The upgrade programme was subsequently restarted after January 2019 and awarded to a consortium of Go Craft, Scania Estonia and Milrem Robotics in August 2021.

Worth EUR29.3 million ($34.732 million), the contract will cover the refurbishment of all 37 surplus CV9030N Mk I hulls and conversion of 31 of the vehicles to various specialised variants, including fire support vehicles, engineering vehicles and anti-tank vehicles.

These upgraded vehicles will be equipped with a Kongsberg RS4 Protector RWS. A contract to procure these systems was announced by Kongsberg in December 2021.

Netherlands

The Dutch Army is modernising at least 122 of its fleet of 144 CV9035NLs under a EUR500 million ($584 million) upgrade programme.

Originally, 141 CV9035NL IFVs and eight driver training vehicles were to receive the upgrade, but, due to the high price of BAE Systems Hägglunds offer, this was reduced to only 122 CV9035NL IFVs and six driver training vehicles.

According to the finalised contract announced in January 2021, 122 CV90s will be upgraded, with an option to upgrade 19 more to bring the rest of the fleet up to the same standard.

An initial batch of four vehicles is to be upgraded by BAE Systems Hägglunds before Netherlands-based Van Halteren Metaal begins series production. The manufacturer demonstrated the first test version of the upgraded CV90 in September 2022.

Deliveries are scheduled to take place between 2023 and 2026.

As part of this upgrade, it has decided to equip some of its CV9035NL fleet with Elbit Systems' Iron Fist APS, making it the first western European country to adopt a hard-kill APS. BAE Systems Hägglunds was awarded a contract to carry out the integration work in September 2019, although it could not confirm how many of the CV9035NLs in service with the Netherlands will be upgraded with the new system.

The upgrade will involve the addition of composite rubber tracks (CRTs) from Soucy, new of which was announced in October 2020.

The older E-35 turret of the Dutch CV90s will be upgraded with elements from BAE Systems' D-series turret. This includes integrating a Northrop Grumman Bushmaster III 35mm cannon and 7.62mm coaxial machine gun, a fourth-generation digital architecture incorporating cyber protection from Clavister, an Elbit EOPS for the commander and ATGM launchers (most likely for the Rafael Spike LR2 which has been integrated on the D-series turret).

The first two upgraded CV90s were unveiled at BAE Systems Hägglunds facility in Sweden in early October 2022, 4 months ahead of schedule.

The Royal Netherlands Army announced at IAV in London in January 2024 it had chosen, and was now integrating, the Rafael Spike LR2 as the ATGM of choice.

Switzerland

Between 2002 and 2005, Switzerland received 186 CV9030CH IFVs in four different variants. The CV9030CH is based on the CV90 Mk II design and is known as the Schützenpanzer 2000 in Swiss service.

In November 2020, BAE Systems Hägglunds announced that it had received a contract from the Swiss Federal Office for Defence Procurement to perform a mid-life upgrade on all 186 of Switzerland's CV9030CH IFVs. This will extend the life of these vehicles until at least 2040.

Known as the NUV programme, this upgrade will involve the replacement of obsolescent optical, electrical and electronic subsystems. Active damping technology will be fitted to the suspension and cameras will be installed around the vehicle to provide enhanced situational awareness.

BAE Systems Hägglunds will cooperate with Swiss industry to perform the upgrade. One of its partners will be RUAG, which announced that it received a subcontract for the programme in November 2020.

Two sample vehicles will be produced in Sweden and delivered to the Swiss Army in 2022, followed by five pre-production vehicles upgraded in Switzerland by RUAG. If successful, RUAG will upgrade the rest of the fleet by 2025.

Finland

Finland announced that it had signed a EUR33 million ($39.095 million) contract with BAE Systems Hagglunds to upgrade its CV9030FIN fleet in June 2021. The contract is believed to cover the upgrade of two prototype vehicles, three pre-production test series vehicles and six series-production vehicles, with an option to upgrade the remaining 91 vehicles.

The upgrade will involve improvements to the CV90's maintainability, safety, software and technology to extend its service life to 2035 ahead of a more substantial mid-life upgrade programme expected to be carried out in the 2030s.

Work on the upgrade programme will take place between 2022 and 2026.

Czech Republic

The Czech Republic has been interested in CV90 since 2017 when it launched its IFV programme. Although this programme was cancelled in July 2022, the Czech government has announced that it will negotiate the purchase of CV90s with the Swedish government. A total of 210 units will be procured for the Czech Army. Czech MoD has announced that they were willing to coordinate their procurement efforts with Slovakia as well.

On 21 December 2022, the Czech Republic signed a memorandum with Sweden and Britain's BAE Systems to purchase 210 CV90 IFVs. The deal has been confirmed to be worth up to $2.3 billion, with further details undisclosed. Defence Insight expects delivery to begin in late 2023 with an estimated completion by the end of the decade.

The Czech MoD announced on 24 May 2023 it had received approval and funding from the government and subsequently signed a contract with BAE Systems Hägglunds for 246 CV90 vehicles in a contract worth €2.51 billion according to the Czech government, $2.2 billion according to BAE Systems and $2.05 billion according to the Swedish government.

Slovakia

On 28 June 2022, the Slovakian MoD announced that it selected CV90 under the PBV Programme which aimed to acquire 125 vehicles. A production contract is expected to be signed in Q4 2022, and the total programme value stands at $1.73 billion.

In a contract worth $1.37 billion, the Slovak MoD and BAE Systems confirmed the purchase of 152 CV90MkIV on 12 December 2022 to be delivered by 2026. A further 71 vehicles will be procured between 2027 and 2030 in the second phase of the programme.

Ukraine

Sweden announced in January 2023 its intention to donate 50 CV90 to Ukraine as part of a $419 million package. All 50 platforms are expected to be in the IFV variant armed with a 40mm automatic cannon.

Denmark announced in December 2023 that it was co-sponsoring the 50 CV90 platforms as military aid for Ukraine, which Sweden announced in January 2023.

In June 2023, Ukraine announced it had signed a Joint Declaration on Cooperation in the Procurement and Operation of Tracked Infantry Combat Vehicles alongside the Czech and Slovak Republics.

Designed to foster collaboration and coordination between the three countries, Ukraine appears to follow Slovakia and Czechia in procuring BAE Systems Hägglunds Swedish Combat Vehicle 90 MkIV (CV90) Infantry Fighting Vehicle (IFV).

Having already received 50 CV90s as military aid donations from Sweden in January 2023 and benefiting from the support of a Join Declaration on Cooperation, Shephard forecasts an order of up to 1000 vehicles for an estimated $9.21 billion in Q4 2023 with a PGO of 50%.

Denmark

BAE Systems announced in March 2024 it had signed a contract with Denmark to upgrade its fleet of CV90s to introduce the new D-series turret. Further upgrades are set to include rubber tracks to reduce vehicle weight, anti-tank guided missile (ATGM) and a Defence Aid Suite (DAS) sensor system.

In September 2024, Denmark announced it intended to place an order for approximately 115 CV90 MkIIICs by the end of 2024. This deal is expected to be worth around DKK10 billion (US$1.5 billion) with deliveries running from 2026 to 2030.

This deal is now understood to have been signed and contracted.